The Impact of Proactive Personality on Turnover Intention and Psychological Empowerment with the Mediating Role of Career Adaptability in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Snapp Company Employees in Iran
Authors
-
Azin Kabiri
Department of psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4015-4900
-
Reza Golpour
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-1873
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22100/ijhs.v10i3.1124Keywords:
Proactive personality, Turnover intention, Psychological empowerment, Career adaptabilityAbstract
Background: Career adaptability can help individuals see probabilities in unforeseen changes, invest in those changes, and improve unpredictable outcomes. On the other hand, career adaptability can be a double-edged sword and may lead to voluntary turnover intention. To better understand the concept of career adaptability and its role in an organization, the present study has focused on examining the impact of proactive personality on turnover intention and psychological empowerment with the mediating role of career adaptability in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study employs a correlational method and is considered basic research from an objective standpoint. The administrative staff of Snapp company, who were 5000 individuals at the time of the study (2021), were selected as the statistical population, and 357 individuals were chosen as the sample based on Krejcie and Morgan Table. Due to the inability to access all individuals, sampling was done using the convenience sampling method. To assess proactive personality, the Bateman and Crant (1993) Proactive Personality Scale (α=0.909) was used. For measuring career adaptability the Savickas and Porfeli (2012) Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (α=0.843) was used. To measure turnover intention, the Kim et al. (2007) Turnover Intention Scale (α=0.809) was utilized, and to measure psychological empowerment the Spreitzer (1995) Psychological Empowerment Scale (α=0.898) was employed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to choose the data analysis method. Due to the non-normality of the data, the structural equation modeling (and path analysis) technique was used to assess the causal relationship between variables.
Results: Data analysis showed that there is a relationship between proactive personality and psychological empowerment of Snapp employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the mediating role of career adaptability (β=0.370). Additionallythere is a significant positive relationship between proactive personality and turnover intention (β=0.211) and psychological empowerment (β=0.557). Furthermore, the career adaptability of employees is significantly positively related to their psychological empowerment (β=0.438).
Conclusions: Despite this, contrary to previous research, the results obtained in the current study did not show a relationship between career adaptability and turnover intention, and in the same way, rejected the mediating role of career adaptability in the mentioned relationship.
References
Kraus S, Clauss T, Breier M, Gast J, Zardini A, Tiberius V. The economics of COVID-19: initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis. International journal of entrepreneurial behavior & research. 2020;26(5):1067-1092. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-04-2020-0214
Nchanji EB, Lutomia CK, Chirwa R, Templer N, Rubyogo JC, Onyango P. Immediate impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on bean value chain in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural systems. 2021;188:103034. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103034
Al-Hyari K. Initial empirical evidence on how Jordanian manufacturing SMEs cope with the covid-19 pandemic. Academy of Strategic Management Journal. 2020;19:1-12.
Moosavi SE, Goodarzi M, Khabiri M, Alidoost Ghahfarrokhi E. Design of International Transfer Market for Iranian Iranian footballer. Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 2019;9(17):99-115. doi: 10.29252/JRSM.9.17.99
Ariapooran S, Amirimanesh M. Turnover intention of nurses in the outbreak of COVID-19: the role of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and burnout. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management. 2021;10(1):80-93.
Sepahvand R, Feli R. Organizational Career Management and Proactive Talent Management: Analyzing the Mediating Role of Organizational Knowledge Architecture (Lorestan Province Police Command Specialty Personnel). Iranian journal of management sciences. 2019;14(55):25-47.
Shrestha R, Bhattarai PC, Shrestha B, Dhungana G. Impact of COVID-19 on the Employees of Hotel Industry. Journal of Tourism & Adventure. 2023 Sep 19;6(1):72-88. doi: 10.3126/jota.v6i1.58582
Alavi M, Iranzadeh S, Taghipour E. Investigating the effect of in-service skill training in improving reliability in maritime knowledge-based industries with the role of mediator, human resource empowerment. Scientific-Research Journal of Marine Science Education. 2016;4(3):3.
Roshandel Arbatani T, Farhangi AA, Rabiee A, RADFARD S. Identifying the factors of affecting the empowerment of human resources in governmental media organizations. Journal of Public Administration. 2017;9(3):517-538.
Yang C, Chen Y, Zhao X, Hua N. Transformational leadership, proactive personality and service performance: The mediating role of organizational embeddedness. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2020;32(1):267-287. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-03-2019-0244
Crant JM, Hu J, Jiang K. Proactive personality: A twenty-year review. Proactivity at work. 2016:211-243.
Tolentino LR, Garcia PRJM, Lu VN, Restubog SLD, Bordia P, Plewa C. Career adaptation: The relation of adaptability to goal orientation, proactive personality, and career optimism. Journal of vocational behavior. 2014;84(1):39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.11.004
Jiang Z. Proactive personality and career adaptability: The role of thriving at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2017;98:85-97. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2016.10.003
Rajabi Farjad H, Mirsepasi N, Naderi Mehrbani K. The impact of knowledge management processes on organizational innovation with the mediating role of human resource productivity. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration. 2021;12(1):14-1.
Chan SH, Mai X, Kuok OM, Kong SH. The influence of satisfaction and promotability on the relation between career adaptability and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2016;92:167-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2015.12.003
Guan Y, Wen Y, Chen SX, et al. When do salary and job level predict career satisfaction and turnover intention among Chinese managers? The role of perceived organizational career management and career anchor. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 2014;23(4):596-607. doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2013.763403
Rasheed MI, Okumus F, Weng Q, Hameed Z, Nawaz MS. Career adaptability and employee turnover intentions: The role of perceived career opportunities and orientation to happiness in the hospitality industry. Journal of hospitality and tourism management. 2020;44:98-107. doi: 10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.05.006
Heath E. Adaptability may be your most essential skill in the covid-19 world. Washington Post Retrieved from https://www washingtonpost com/lifestyle/wellness/adaptability-coronavirus-skills/20. 2020;20:05-26.
Karatepe OM, Olugbade OA. The effects of work social support and career adaptability on career satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Management & Organization. 2017;23(3):337-355. doi: 10.1017/jmo.2016.12
Lee PC, Xu ST, Yang W. Is career adaptability a double-edged sword? The impact of work social support and career adaptability on turnover intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2021;94:102875. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102875
Koohi A, Soleimani N, Shafizadeh H. Designing a Model for Career Path Adaptability of Teachers: A Qualitative Study. School Administration. 2022;10(3):160-184.
Zhang W, Guan X, Zhou X, Lu J. The effect of career adaptability on career planning in reaction to automation technology. Career Development International. 2019;24(6):545-559. doi: 10.1108/CDI-05-2018-0135
Krejcie RV, Morgan DW. Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement. 1970;30(3):607-610. doi: 10.1177/001316447003000308
Porfeli EJ, Savickas ML. Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-USA Form: Psychometric properties and relation to vocational identity. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2012;80(3):748-753. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.009
Yousefi Z, Abedi M, Baghban I, Eatemadi O, Abedi A. Personal and situational variables, and career concerns: Predicting career adaptability in young adults. The Spanish journal of psychology. 2011;14(1):263-271. doi: 10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.23
Kim SS, Im J, Hwang J. The effects of mentoring on role stress, job attitude, and turnover intention in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2015;48:68-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.04.006
Sokhanvar M, Hasanpoor E, Hajihashemi S, Kakemam E. The relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention: A survey on hospital nurses. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement. 2016;4(2):358-362.
Spreitzer GM. Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of management Journal. 1995;38(5):1442-1465. doi: 10.2307/256865
Batool SA, Batool SS, Fayyaz W. Construction and validation of global psychological empowerment scale for women. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2017;15(1):3-10. doi: 10.1037/t68675-000
Chen C, Liu T, Chen Y. A study of career adaptability and work engagement of online teachers in the E-education industry: the mechanism of job insecurity and employability. 2018:190-195. doi: 10.1145/3178158.3178173
Hartung PJ, Cadaret MC. Career adaptability: Changing self and situation for satisfaction and success. Psychology of career adaptability, employability and resilience. 2017:15-28. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-66954-0_2
Federici E. The pursuit of an employment relationship: Managing people in a flexible labor market. Universiteit van Amsterdam; 2019.
Neto R, Rodrigues VP, Polega M, Persons M. Career adaptability and entrepreneurial behaviour in the K-12 classroom. Teachers and Teaching. 2019;25(1):90-109. doi: 10.1080/13540602.2018.1526783
Gheyassi A, Alambeigi A. Social capital and career adaptability: the mediating role of psychological capital. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning. 2024. doi: 10.1108/HESWBL-02-2023-0021
Pajic S, Keszler Á, Kismihók G, Mol ST, Den Hartog DN. Antecedents and outcomes of Hungarian nurses' career adaptability. International Journal of Manpower. 2018;39(8):1096-1114. doi: 10.1108/IJM-10-2018-0334
Fiori M, Bollmann G, Rossier J. Exploring the path through which career adaptability increases job satisfaction and lowers job stress: The role of affect. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2015;91:113-121. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2015.08.010
Guan Y, Yang W, Zhou X, Tian Z, Eves A. Predicting Chinese human resource managers' strategic competence: Roles of identity, career variety, organizational support and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2016;92:116-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2015.11.012
Al-Refaei AA-AH, Ali HM, Aldaba AM, Zumrah AR. Determinants of customer-perceived service quality in higher education: the roles of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. 2024;16(1):1-18. doi: 10.1108/IJQSS-08-2022-0089
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Copyright Form should be downloaded and signed by corresponding author in the fourth step "upload supplementary files" during submission process.
After acceptance, copyright form should be downloaded and signed by all authors one by one ( "summery --> supp. file" part and click on "add a supplementary file" link).
